Project from above, featuring a garbage-accumulating fence edge
Well, you would be hard pressed to find a tougher block of land — a 400m below sea level, West facing slope, in an extremely hot, arid climate, with extremely poor, shallow highly alkaline top ‘soil’, covered in rocks, with a limited water supply and in a mostly Palestinian refugee-populated village. When we first started working on the site local farmers thought it was just ridiculous to even try to produce any kind of result on such a rough site. They were not interested at all and could see no reason to stop using chemicals and burning crop residues and planting nothing but large fields of monoculture cash crops.
The triangular shaped ‘Greening the Desert – the Sequel’ site,
a two-year comparison (above images originally posted here).
Primeiros Passos com o Aplicativo de Cassino Pin-Up no Brasil
Você já se perguntou como dar os primeiros passos em um aplicativo de cassino online no Brasil? Se sim, você veio ao lugar certo! Neste artigo, vamos explorar o emocionante mundo do aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up e como você pode começar a desfrutar de todos os seus recursos e jogos incríveis. Se você é um entusiasta de cassinos ou está apenas curioso para experimentar a emoção do jogo online, este guia irá fornecer todas as informações necessárias para você começar sua jornada de diversão e emoção.
Desde os clássicos jogos de mesa até as modernas máquinas caça-níqueis, o aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up oferece uma ampla variedade de opções de entretenimento para todos os gostos. Vamos explorar as principais características do aplicativo, incluindo sua interface intuitiva, métodos de pagamento seguros e uma ampla seleção de jogos emocionantes. Além disso, discutiremos as vantagens de jogar em um aplicativo de cassino em relação às opções tradicionais, e como você pode aproveitar ao máximo essa experiência de jogo online. Prepare-se para mergulhar em um mundo de diversão e adrenalina com o aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up!
Como baixar e instalar o aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up no Brasil
Se você é um entusiasta dos jogos de cassino e está procurando uma experiência de jogo emocionante, o aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up é a escolha perfeita para você. Com uma ampla seleção de jogos de cassino emocionantes e uma interface amigável, o Pin-Up Casino App oferece uma experiência de jogo de alta qualidade no Brasil.
Para dar os primeiros passos com o aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up no Brasil, basta seguir alguns passos simples. Primeiro, faça o download do aplicativo diretamente do site oficial do Pin-Up Casino. Em seguida, faça o login usando suas credenciais ou crie uma nova conta se você ainda não tiver uma. Depois de fazer o login, você terá acesso a uma variedade de jogos de cassino, como caça-níqueis, roleta, blackjack e muito mais.
O aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up também oferece diversas opções de pagamento seguras e rápidas para que você possa fazer depósitos e saques de forma conveniente. Além disso, o aplicativo é totalmente otimizado para dispositivos móveis, o que significa que você pode desfrutar de toda a diversão dos jogos de cassino Pin-Up em seu smartphone ou tablet, a qualquer hora e em qualquer lugar no Brasil.
Principais recursos e jogos disponíveis no aplicativo Pin-Up
Se você está procurando uma maneira divertida e emocionante de jogar jogos de cassino online, então você precisa experimentar o aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up no Brasil. Com uma ampla seleção de jogos de alta qualidade, este aplicativo oferece uma experiência de jogo incrível para jogadores de todos os níveis de habilidade. Você pode acessar o aplicativo diretamente em seu dispositivo móvel ou tablet, tornando-o conveniente e fácil de usar. Basta visitar https://pinuponline.casino/br/app/ para começar a jogar agora mesmo!
O aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up no Brasil oferece uma variedade de jogos populares, incluindo caça-níqueis, roleta, blackjack e muito mais. Com gráficos impressionantes e recursos interativos, você se sentirá como se estivesse em um cassino real. Além disso, o aplicativo é seguro e confiável, garantindo que suas informações pessoais e financeiras estejam protegidas. Não importa se você é um jogador experiente ou está apenas começando, o aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up no Brasil tem algo para todos.
Para começar a jogar no aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up no Brasil, basta seguir alguns passos simples. Primeiro, visite https://pinuponline.casino/br/app/ em seu dispositivo móvel ou tablet. Em seguida, faça o download do aplicativo e siga as instruções para instalá-lo. Depois de instalado, você pode criar uma conta e fazer um depósito para começar a jogar. Com uma interface intuitiva e fácil de usar, você estará jogando seus jogos favoritos em pouco tempo. Então, não perca mais tempo e experimente o aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up no Brasil hoje mesmo!
Dicas para aproveitar ao máximo a experiência de jogo no aplicativo Pin-Up
Se você está procurando uma maneira divertida e emocionante de jogar jogos de cassino online, o aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up é a escolha perfeita para você. Com uma ampla seleção de jogos de cassino, incluindo caça-níqueis, jogos de mesa e muito mais, este aplicativo oferece uma experiência de jogo de alta qualidade diretamente na palma da sua mão. Os jogadores do Brasil podem desfrutar de uma variedade de recursos incríveis, como bônus generosos, torneios emocionantes e pagamentos rápidos. Além disso, o aplicativo é fácil de usar e está disponível para download em dispositivos iOS e Android.
Para começar a jogar no aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up, basta seguir alguns passos simples. Primeiro, faça o download do aplicativo no seu dispositivo móvel. Em seguida, crie uma conta gratuita e faça login para acessar a plataforma. Depois de fazer login, você pode navegar pela ampla seleção de jogos disponíveis e escolher o seu favorito. Seja você um fã de caça-níqueis ou prefira jogos de mesa como roleta e blackjack, há algo para todos os gostos.
Além da variedade de jogos, o aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up também oferece bônus emocionantes para novos jogadores. Ao se inscrever, você pode desfrutar de um bônus de boas-vindas, que pode incluir rodadas grátis ou crédito extra para jogar. Além disso, o aplicativo também oferece promoções regulares, como bônus de recarga e cashback. Com tantas oportunidades de ganhar, você certamente se divertirá muito jogando no aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up.
Promoções e bônus exclusivos oferecidos aos jogadores brasileiros no aplicativo Pin-Up
Se você é um fã de jogos de cassino e está procurando uma experiência emocionante e segura, os primeiros passos com o aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up no Brasil são a escolha perfeita para você. Com uma ampla seleção de jogos emocionantes, incluindo caça-níqueis, jogos de mesa e cassino ao vivo, o Pin-Up Casino oferece a oportunidade de se divertir e ganhar dinheiro real, tudo diretamente do seu dispositivo móvel.
Ao baixar o aplicativo Pin-Up Casino, você terá acesso a uma interface fácil de usar, que permite navegar facilmente pelos diferentes jogos disponíveis. Além disso, o aplicativo oferece uma experiência de jogo segura, com medidas de segurança avançadas para proteger suas informações pessoais e financeiras. Com uma variedade de métodos de pagamento disponíveis, você pode depositar e sacar seus ganhos de forma rápida e conveniente. Não importa se você é um novato ou um jogador experiente, o aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up no Brasil oferece uma experiência de jogo envolvente e recompensadora para todos os tipos de jogadores.
Ao explorar o aplicativo de cassino Pin-Up no Brasil, você estará dando os primeiros passos em uma experiência emocionante e repleta de diversão. Com uma ampla seleção de jogos de cassino, desde caça-níqueis até jogos de mesa clássicos, você certamente encontrará algo que se encaixe perfeitamente em seu estilo de jogo. Além disso, o aplicativo oferece promoções exclusivas, um atendimento ao cliente dedicado e métodos de pagamento seguros. Não perca mais tempo, baixe o aplicativo Pin-Up e comece a desfrutar de toda a emoção dos jogos de cassino diretamente na palma da sua mão. Boa sorte e divirta-se!
…and in November 2013 (i.e. two additional years later)
Compare surrounding terrain – click for larger view.
Note: If nothing is built on a section of land, it can be taken from the owner. Notice the
scattered ‘buildings’ which are built as ‘placemarkers’ to ensure ownership is retained.
These sections have sat like this for years — as without Permaculture design, the land
is impossibly unproductive.
Herdsman with large flocks of goats and fat tail sheep showed no respect for our site initially because it did not resemble any conventional local systems. It was not a garden or a farm. To them it just looked a bit like a wild mess, and many times goats and sheep had somehow been allowed to force their way through our basic fence and had nearly destroyed our young trees when we arrived, which was just heart breaking. We had very little money for infrastructure initially, even to ensure the site’s security, and very little to show except the permaculture design, passion, belief, dogged persistence and determination that we could make a difference and create a game-changing event.
The ever-present flocks
Over the past four years, with much of our time spent on our busy schedules elsewhere, there have been many times when we could have just given up on this project in despair — but dogged persistent prevailed, and numerous permaculture volunteers have come and tirelessly worked through extreme situations to just keep the project moving forward against all odds. We will be eternally gratefully for their wonderful efforts in such a difficult situation, and I really hope they gained that special experience that only these trying situations provide.
The now well developed prosopis serve as a living, spiky, livestock-repelling road fence edge
Now at last the site is set up to provide accredited PRI teachers a venue they can take advantage of. They can now book the site to teach courses in this unusual location with comfortable accommodation, telephone and WIFI internet connection.
Alex McCausland, as the PRI registered lead teacher, and Salah Hammad, as translator and assistant teacher (presently going through the PRI teacher accreditation process), are the next to start planning a PDC on the site in April 2014.
More shade!
April is the very best time to see the Middle East because after the winter rain and cooler temperatures the herbal growth on the ground is still lush green, and as the spring temperatures rise the deciduous trees put their on their spring flush with fresh green leaves — so it is green at the ground level and in the canopy.
Mediterranean climates typically have two slow down periods a year — the cold of mid-winter, and the hot dry of mid-summer. Winter brings bare deciduous trees and brown above and green herbs below, and summer brings green leaf tree canopy above and brown, dried-off herbs below. Only in springtime are both top and bottom green and both lush.
A good permaculture designer can take advantage of the two slow downs in the year and sees them as two edges in time. As we know, the more edges we can take advantage of the better we can design.
You may ask why set up a demonstration site in such hard conditions? Well, for a start, that is all we could afford. My wife Nadia and I somehow raised the capital through teaching courses and after presenting a reasonable enough concept of what we want to achieve, were given a few gratefully received donations that have helped us move forward a little faster.
Secondly, our plan has always been for the land to be permanently owned by the Permaculture Not for Profit Organisation of the Dead Sea Valley in Jordan that we set up for the local people, to be run by local people. The intention for it is to be a demonstration on very ordinary land that is typical of what local poor people here have to deal with, and to build the whole project in a way that can demonstrate what is achievable by local, poor people.
The shower and toilet block, set high on the project site, is much bigger than most people would need and was funded by Muslim Aid Australia — but, with the goal of it being both a demonstration site and an educational centre, it is built for male and female student numbers of 20 to 30 people that can attend a PDC. The toilets are the classic faralone style dryland composting toilets, demonstrating minimum water use, and the showers and sinks all drain into a reed bed greywater system, also still high on the project site for multiple water reuse options downslope.
Shower/toilet block and head pressure tanks
The greywater reeds grow at last
The site’s shade house nursery is positioned on the shady north side of the shower toilet block and was donated by a volunteer, Damian from the USA, who ran his own fund-raising campaign.
The breakfast crew, prior to building our planned new kitchen
We are now also just starting to build a purpose-built kitchen which will also be larger that the average household’s kitchen but we intend to demonstrate alternative cooking systems and waste systems and this is being built with a donation from Lush Organic Cosmetics.
Material for the start of the new kitchen
We would also like to include solar hot water and rocket stove mass hot water systems for the kitchen, for easier cleaning and more efficient boiling of water.
Our main project house houses our classroom, an office, nice student bedrooms and a rooftop camping area with a view of Jericho by day and the lights of Jerusalem by night.
The house has a very convention structural concrete frame, which is tried, trusted and understood by local poor people, but instead of the typical concrete block (or besser block) walls, we have infilled the walls with straw bale on the sunny/hot western (without windows) and southern sides, to hyper insulate out the heat, and used mud brick on the eastern and northern sides (i.e. shady sides), along with all internal walls, to bank the cool. It looks beautiful and works passively and wonderfully well.
Mud brick student bedroom
Straw bale mud brick office
Our straw bale mud brick classroom
We now also have a CIS solar panel array on the roof, with a 3000 watt inverter, a charge controller and a 24-volt battery rack with 8 sets of 12-volt batteries, plus we have the wonderful invention of our master solar scientist team member, Chris Darker — a grid switch. The whole system was donated by Chris.
CIS solar electric panels rise above the food forest
The Dead Sea valley, being the lowest place on earth at 400m below sea level, is surprisingly hot for the latitude of 31 degrees north. But just as every 100m elevation in altitude is equivalent to one latitude away from the equator, for every 100m below below sea level it is equivalent to one latitude towards the equator — so it is more like 28 degrees north of the equator, which is a sub-tropical temperature range.
Subtropics usually get Summer rain, but the Dead Sea Valley gets the Mediterranean rainfall pattern of winter rain instead, but because it is in an orographic rain shadow it only gets an average of 150mm a year.
Food forest
The standard commercial chemical agriculture of the region continuously pumps the rapidly depleting groundwater table, causing it to drop meters each year. That, combined with open-channel large dam irrigation water, is used to grow a large variety of non-organic vegetable crops — including many in chemically-treated, toxic plastic hot houses — forcing the natural system further out of function just to achieve short term profits.
All of this is very much standard practice globally, with no thought for water harvesting, absorbent contour earthworks that can passively and continuously recharge the groundwater while also reforesting with productive tree systems that can stabilise the inter-contour tree lined landscape into organic production.
Trees waiting to be planted onto the site
The most profitable production crop in the Dead Sea Valley is in banana plantations, a very water-intensive crop (average of 600 liters of water for 1kg of bananas), as they are some of the most northerly in latitude in the world. But, we have now convinced many farmers to convert over to growing less water-intensive organic banana systems, and commercial date palm production is now also increasing as we are also trying to encourage farmers to grow a diversity of productive trees in their understory, and an overstory of date palms provides the greatly needed shade that allows other species to survive and thrive in their canopy shade.
The canopy is beginning to close up, providing much-needed shade
Kitchen garden, planted for winter
More seedlings, ready to be planted
We especially promote a date palm overstory, with multi-species understory food forests on contour swale-planted systems covering more than 50% of the landscape — which multi functions to also recharge ground water, reduce evaporation through shade and wind shelter, and create organic matter and mineral accumulation — dispersed with fungal net interactions with crops on contour between the food forests. To gain all the benefits we recommend that swales are placed not more than 20m apart in this climate.
The food forest systems are always easier to establish with hardy legume tree species as the initial pioneer plants, creating a canopy over the more sensitive and sophisticated fruit trees. Then, as the productive trees become established, the system is favoured in their direction and the pioneers are sacrificed as mulched, nitrogen-rich organic soil additions, with only a few remaining to maintain long term nutrient cycles.
More trees being planted
Tree crops that can be grown commercially and are commonly found in local village gardens include dates, olive, figs, pomegranate, mulberry, guava, carob, banana, papaya, cactus fruits, henna, and grapes. Less common are custard apple, mango, caramel sapote, brazil cherry, moringa, passion fruit, apple, jojoba, and jujube, but these can be found if you go out searching for the diversity that is present and there are many more that could be tried and trailed.
Food forest closing in
With overstory semi-shade shelter, the enhanced, comparatively gentle, sheltered situation facilitates the possibility of a much greater stretch of productive tree diversity — simply because of micro-climate modification, or moderation, of the extremes.
In addition to swales, on our little demonstration site and education centre we have increased soil fertility with contour rock wall earth-backed swales, combined with a great diversity of leguminous trees and shrubs, plus large quantities of mulch and additions of homemade good quality compost, worm castings and worm farm juice.
We have grown our compost worm farm from one to two and now we are expanding to three and we are continuously making compost.
Worm farms in repurposed bathtubs
We have a long, sloping, deep litter prosopis-shaded straw-yard chicken pen that we are about to build. It will have three strong half-meter high, fold down metal mesh walls, stretching across the pen from side to side and placed at equal distances down the slope of the pen. These will act as staged composting bays, moved every week, creating a 4-week interactive chicken litter composting sequence system.
Our long, sloping, deep straw yard for the chickens
Strawbale earth bag chicken house
View from chicken house of deep-litter, kick down yard
The topmost input bay will be the one week old, manured, high carbon mulch from the chicken house — from under the roosting area — plus equal amounts of sheep, goat and cow manure sourced from local grazing herdsmen and brought into the site, plus equal amounts of food scrap sources from local homes in the village where people are prepared to separate their food scraps if we provide them with a bin.
Each week the bottom bay will be emptied out of the chicken pen and will sit next to the main vegetable garden, where it is possible to turn again one week later. Then each half meter high metal mesh wall will be folded down, and the material on the uphill side will be pitch-forked by hand to the next bay downhill, leaving enough room in the top to refill the top bay and refill the chicken house with fresh mulch under the roosting area.
My estimates are that we should have two square meters of high quality compost produced every week, with the eager assistance of 25 chickens — chickens which will not need any extra feed because they will do very well on the food scraps and insect life within the one month, four stage turning process of the composting sequence, so the eggs produced with be a surplus, an almost-free by-product of the system.
Always more compost!
We have found the highly alkaline soil really hard to neutralise with just mulches and composts, so that it can have a more neutral pH, and so we are now starting to introduce organic minerals of sulphur and a broad mixture of organic elements that include iron and zinc, which are often deficient, or locked up, in drylands.
The next animal system we want to include will be meat pigeons, with a purpose-built pigeon loft, and there is a great wealth of traditional knowledge available on keeping pigeons in the Middle East, where the valuable manure is easily harvested.
It has been hard to keep the local people from prematurely including animals into the new system while the system has been going through initial establishment, and before it can easily cope with their needs, and before it is prepared to deal with their inputs efficiently, because it is deeply ingrained in the local cultural Bedouin heritage to live in close contact with animals and is seen as part of their identity.
The greenery of the project contrasts against the surrounding sun-scorched landscape
Our neighbours are now starting to emulate our system and many of our techniques and strategies are appearing throughout the village, and surrounding villages — which are all starting to look a little bit greener, and a few farmers are now finding that converting to organic and including permaculture thinking and patterning is saving them money, even when organic produce sells at the same price as chemical produce.
The chemical input costs are so high now, and keep rising, and the volume required keeps increasing, so that hard-working thoughtful organic farmers using good design techniques find they have cheaper input costs without losing their soil’s fertility, and the next stage will be improved design patterning that will start to gain extra fertility.
A neighbour just begins with his food forest
A local farmer arrives for a course
Further Reading:
lee soarez says
This complete photo sequence since 2009 is great, Geoff… what an improvement! CONGRATULATiONS, and THANK YOU for posting it. We keep on learning from you, brother! Here’s to it!
Troy Martz says
Geoff,
You and Nadia are doing fantastic work on this project. It’s especially exciting to see the neighbors replicating the techniques.
I am also keenly interested in this project because our project in Baja, Mexico has a very similar climate analog. 20m distance between swales was a new tidbit of information… good stuff.
Keep it up!
Troy
Jennifer Wadsworth says
Geoff – thanks for posting this wonderful update. I’ll see you next October for the internship in Jordan.
Wonderful that people are bringing donations to build specific parts of this project. Will you post your needs and approximate amounts needed so perhaps those of us attending can do some fundraising prior to showing up?
Jen in Phoenix (parts of which don’t look that different from your photos – I’m out to change that!)
david spicer says
what a update Geoff, the site looks great, lovely shade such a change, really great work
would be a awesome spot for a PDC rough ready and very real is what its all about thanks for your dogged persistent to get this project to where it is. you have proved again we can green the desserts
Ben says
I just love hearing about this site, Geoff. Keep us updated! =)
Rob says
Impressive project and outcome. Really demonstrates the power of permaculture in a VERY hostile environment.
jackie says
This is such a perfect photo example of what humans can do for the earth when given understanding and simple basic tools. This is more than just good work this is sacred work in honouring the gift of creation.
marsha finley says
The beauty of it all!
Eric Seider says
Great update Geoff, The transformation from when I was there in 2009 is amazing and inspiring. Its like an island of green on mars. Can’t wait to see the progress on the chicken compost system.
Raleigh Latham says
absolutely beautiful, inspiring, epic. If it can be done here…
ed Iglehart says
Great story, and here’s to it continuing!
Umut says
Nice work. What is the price of an acre of land on that area? For instance if we want to buy a piece of such a land in there and start that type of project. I think it should be a little cheap since it is such infertile.
John D. Liu says
Dear Geoff: Good to see the progress. We are preparing a new series of films and look forward to updating the work in Jordan in that series.
Be well and happy, best wishes to Nadia.
John D. Liu
Alexander says
The project site is looking really lush and beautiful compared to the surroundings. Inspiring!
Phillip Bradley says
It’s fantastic to get the updates Geoff… Ultimate encouragement about the effects of permaculture practice. Thank you…
Chris McLeod says
Outstanding work. Oh my, what a site of extremes and great outcomes. You can even see in the progressive photos that the surrounding areas downhill of the site are starting to look greener too. Top work. Chris
William says
it nice experience for me on 2011 volunteering for this project and i am still interested to come and learn,and it is only one hr from my project .
Rick says
This work is beautiful. Thanks for doing and sharing.
Sam says
This is so inspiring!
Darren says
You’ve all done a lot of fantastic work at that site, and it’s fascinating to read about it.
I can’t help but think this project would make an incredible book, going into much more detail than is possible in these short updates. What a wonderful reference it would make, documenting the first 5 years of the project!
Anyway, if you do something like that, sign me up for a copy :-).
Kate says
I want to read that book as well!! The detailed version would be wonderful. Has a photo journal been kept locally during your absences, I wonder?
mahad abdulle says
You’ve all done a lot of fantastic work at that site Thanks for doing and sharing. the effects of permaculture practice. Thank you mr geof
Ben Johansen says
Awesome work guys!!! Fantastic! Sahara next 🙂
Lucy Gabzdyl says
It brings me great hope for the future of our planet. It has inspired me to work to work on increasing year on year the fertility of my tiny patch of land. Keep up the amazing work, Geoff! Lucy
PS Would love to do a PDC with you, but that’s for another year 🙂
Sabriyya says
Lovely and totally educational! I am living in the Middle East and am at the early stages of learning and planning for a small homestead/sustainable living institute. Hope to learn directly from you, Jeff, and your lovely wife in the coming years.
Peter says
Great stuff, I’ve been following this project for a while now and am so inspired… Can’t wait to one day have a food forest of my own. Keep the updates coming, I would love to see the new micro environment spread throughout the region!
Nicola says
This series of pictures fills me with a deep sense of peace and joy.
The best part is that neighbours are starting to copy. There is hope for this almost ruined landscape! This is a million-dollar project, because the benefits you have given to the area will keep compounding.
Here in South-East Queensland, I live on 5 acres near the outskirts of Brisbane. Surrounding me are similar properties, mostly with horses, and then cattle and turf farms. My husband has put in extensive earthworks to trap rainfall, as our climate is arid for 6 months of the year, with heavy rain for only about 2 months. Despite our seemingly relatively high annual rainfall, we get very dry due to the high temperatures and the fact that a lot of the rain will fall as a once-yearly flood, which runs off the land. The land around us is degraded due to continual grazing, having several months when no growth is produced. We have an old pony and a calf, and are hoping to provide all their feed through various feed plants, managed grazing and the trapping of rainwater and mulch runoff.
We are looking forward to the development of our own little oasis, and to waving at our neighbours from amid lush greenery. Hopefully, in a few years, we might inspire others to wander over and ask us a few questions!
Lynn says
Demonstrations like this are happening all over the world, in the worst possible soils and weather patterns. It restores my faith in a creator that in what appears to be impossible situations for feeding people and animals, systems can be developed to help people thrive. It is not the situation that is lacking, it is the people who will not take advantage of instruction and opportunity to bring the areas into fruition with natural resources. Some amazing greening is going on throughout the world by people who care about restoring what we have lost.
permaculture enthusiast says
what actually is a stone walled earth backed swale?